Runway markings & approach aids

A runway number is its magnetic heading rounded to the nearest ten degrees, with the last digit dropped. Heading 093 rounds to 090, so the runway is 09. The opposite end is always 18 different, here 27 (TP 1102).

Displaced threshold: the landing threshold is moved down the runway, with arrows leading to it. The pavement before it is usable for taxi and the takeoff roll (and the landing rollout), but not as a landing touchdown zone. Yellow chevrons (a blast pad or stopway) are not for normal operations at all.

PAPI / VASI glidepath lights:

• Red over white, you're all right (on the glidepath).
• Too many RED = too LOW. All red = well below.
• Too many WHITE = too HIGH. All white = well above.

The lights show your vertical position only, not lateral alignment.

Trap: all red on the PAPI means you are too low, not "all clear." Add power.

Practice